Tâtonnements psychédéliques : l’exploration éphémère de la mescaline, du LSD et de la psilocybine par la médecine française au XXe siècle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French doctors took part in the first wave of research into psychedelics, blazing the trail for studies on psilocybin in particular. From the 1930s onwards, the Sainte-Anne school was at the forefront of these experiments, rooting them in a biological conception of therapeutics emphasizing the concept of shock. While internationally, new methods were developed in the 1950s to ensure the physical and psychological well-being of patients under the influence of these products, French therapists maintained their own techniques. Under these conditions, they were unable to replicate the positive results achieved by their foreign counterparts. This article analyzes this history and helps to explain the current reticence of French healthcare professionals who, even as the “psychedelic renaissance”, is in full swing, remain strongly influenced by very negative representations stemming from these early experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".