Factors Associated with Congestive Heart Failure among Patients Presenting with Acute Cardiac Emergencies in Northern Lahore
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study sought to assess the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and identify the key risk factors associated with its occurrence in patients, already have existing cardiac conditions in Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design and setting: A cross sectional study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: The study was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 on a sample of 891 patients who were admitted in the coronary care unit from the emergency room and OPD and underwent cardiac catheterization. Convenience sampling was employed due to the unavailability of a large pool of patients. The questionnaire utilized socio-demographic variables, assessed the classification of congestive heart failure in relation to various comorbidities including thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic liver disease, peripheral vascular disease and hyperlipidemia as well as the risk factors associated with CHF. Results: The rate of CHF prevalence was found to be 12.68%. CHF was found to have a statistically significant relationship with smoking, ambulatory ability, and a history of organ transplantation. According to the New York Heart Association, a significant proportion of patients were classified as Class II, whereas the Canadian Cardiovascular Society reported that approximately 42.20% of patients had Class II angina. Conclusion: The prevalence of CHF was discovered to be extremely high. The most common comorbid ailment was discovered as hypertension, followed by diabetes. Many patients reported being able to perform daily activities but becoming fatigued during effort. When changing healthcare policies, it is critical to include preventive measures and interventions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it