Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cockburn Island landscape is somewhat unique in the northern Lake Huron-Georgian Bay basin, in that, it's overall topography and relief is dependant primarily on glacial sediments that can exceed thicknesses of 85 m (275 feet), rather than the bedrock surface. Cockburn Island is underlain by gently dipping carbonate and clastic rocks of Middle Silurian age that outcrop in a belt that rings the northern half of the island. The crest of the Niagara Escarpment crosses the northern part of the Island. In places the bedrock surface has been affected by karst processes particularly in areas above the level of the Nipissing transgression where the land surface has been exposed for approximately 11,500 years. Karst features and alvars appear to be best developed in rocks of the Amabel Formation along the crest of the Niagara Escarpment. Evidence of the direction of glacier flow that affected Cockburn Island is primary from the orientation of streamlined forms, in particular drumlins. Three distinct sets of drumlins have been recognized. The drumlin orientation does not necessarily reflect flow during two or multiple glacial advances. The variation in orientation of the long axis of the drumlins, the south-southwest flow around the eastern shore of the island, southern flow in the central part of the island and the south-eastward flow the western shore, may reflect ice flowing around the island along the inter-island channels at a greater speed than that flowing over the higher areas of the island. Drumlins are commonly associated with till. Till is widespread across the island and occurs commonly as poorlydrained till plains, littered with boulder (lags). In addition, to till and its associated landforms, other surface landforms and sediments include a large hill of sand and gravel covered with till (McCaigs Hill), and two long ridges of gravel of probable ice-contact origin. Emphasis in this report has been placed on the Post-glacial shoreline features of Glacial Lake Algonquin and subsequent glacial and post-glacial lakes that greatly affected the landscape of Cockburn Island. The record of ancestral lake levels in the Lake Huron basin on Cockburn Island appears complete including the highest level of glacial Lake Algonquin (Main) through a series of falling glacial lake and post-glacial lake levels. These ancestral lake levels have created a spectacular record of abandoned shore bluffs, beach ridges and bars. Extensive areas of surface sand and gravel deposited in ice marginal or subglacial settings and the karst terrain along the crest of the Niagara Escarpment are the main areas of groundwater recharge on Cockburn Island.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".