A Review of the Leaf-Mining Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Canada and the USA, with New Host Plant and Distribution Records
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Host and distribution records are reviewed for the leaf-mining fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetina) occurring in Canada and the USA, with new data from rearings and from observations posted to BugGuide and iNaturalist. Nine species are known, including the European species Acidia cognata (Wiedemann), which has recently been discovered in eastern Canada mining leaves of coltsfoot (Asteraceae: Tussilago farfara L.); three species of Euleia Walker, of which the two with known hosts feed on Apiaceae; and five species of Trypeta Meigen, of which the three with known hosts feed on Asteraceae (mostly Senecioneae). Newly reported hosts for the widespread species Euleia fratria (Loew) include Aegopodium podagraria L., Angelica arguta Nutt., A. hendersonii J. M. Coult. and Rose, A. sylvestris L., A. tomentosa S. Watson, A. triquinata Michx., Apium graveolens L., Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J. M. Coult. and Rose, Daucus carota L., Heracleum sphondylium L., Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch, Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britton, Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf., Sium suave Walter, Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude, Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt., and Zizia aurea (L.) W. D. J. Koch. The first rearing records are given for E. uncinata (Coquillett), which is restricted to Alaska and adjacent Canada; they include Angelica lucida L., C. douglasii, and Heracleum maximum W. Bartram. Packera paupercula (Michx.) Á. Löve and D. Löve, Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus (Pursh) Chern. and R. J. Bayer, Senecio eremophilus Richardson, Rudbeckia laciniata L., and tentatively S. minimus Poir., are newly reported as hosts of the widespread species Trypeta flaveola Coquillett, and S. atratus Greene is a new rearing record for the western T. footei Han and Norrbom. Parasitoids reared from larvae and puparia of these flies include Braconidae (Alysiinae, Opiinae), Eulophidae (Entedoninae, Eulophinae, Tetrastichinae), and Pteromalidae (Miscogastrinae).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".