7.19 Psychosocial targets for concussion recovery in youth ice hockey players: the influence of peers, distress, and well-being
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association of baseline psychosocial factors (quality of life, emotional adjustment, resilience, perfectionism, parental involvement) and initial post-concussion assessment (acute distress and recovery expectations) with time to recovery (TTR) in youth ice hockey players. Design Planned sub-study within a longitudinal cohort study, Safe-to-Play (2013–2018). Setting Ice rinks and sport medicine centres. Participants 350 ice hockey players (aged 11–18 years; 87% males) with physician diagnosed concussion. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) Players and parents completed preseason baseline questionnaires [Pediatric Quality of Life, Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10, Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Parent Involvement in Sport Questionnaire]. Study physicians assessed players with suspected concussion within seven days of injury and ratings of distress, recovery expectations, and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3/SCAT5) were completed. Outcome Measures TTR defined as time between concussion and physician clearance to return to play (recovery). Main Results Several factors were associated with longer recovery. More self-reported SDQ peer problems [time ratio (TR)=1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.02–1.19] accounted for 8.47% of the explained variability. Higher self- (TR=1.06, 95% CI; 1.01–1.11) and parent-reported distress (TR=1.05, 95% CI; 1.01–1.09) about concussion outcomes accounted for 9.66% and 7.71% of explained variability, respectively. Higher parent-rated distress regarding child’s well-being at time of concussion (TR=1.06, 95% CI; 1.02–1.09) accounted for 8.90% of explained variability – these measures were all associated with longer recovery. Conclusions Greater peer-problems, distress about concussion outcomes, and well-being were associated with longer TTR in youth ice hockey players following concussion. Targeting psychosocial factors for intervention may promote recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".