A Cyclic Vernier Digital-to-Time Converter for Time-Mode Successive Approximation TDC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an 8-bit cyclic Vernier digital-to-time converter (DTC) for time-mode successive approximation register time-to-digital converters (SAR TDCs). The DTC offers a low degree of mismatch-induced nonlinearity hence a small lower bound of the dynamic range, a virtually unlimited upper bound of the dynamic range, and a small silicon area. The principle, operation, design, and calibration of the DTC are presented. The DTC is designed in TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V technology and analyzed using Spectre with BSIM3v3 device models. Simulation results show that the DTC achieves a dynamic range of 2.31 ~ 591.4 ps, a DNL of 0.37 LSB, an INL of 0.66 LSB, and consumes 1.49 mW.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".