14 Indigenous-Canadian Relations at the Sesquicentennial: An Opportunity for Real and Lasting Transformation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At Canada's centennial anniversary in 1967, it had only been seven years since status Indians were granted the right to vote in Canada without losing their Indian status.And it had only been sixteen years since the most restrictive aspects of the Indian Act had been lifted, including prohibitions on dances, ceremonies, and the ban on the pursuit of land claims.1 While Canada was celebrating its 100th birthday, Indigenous peoples took the opportunity to highlight the injustices they had suffered over those 100 years.On July 1, 1967, Tsleil-Waututh Chief Dan George addressed a crowd of 32,000 people gathered at Empire Stadium in Vancouver to celebrate Canada's centennial.The speech he gave, "Lament for Confederation," not only stunned the crowd into reflective silence, it subsequently served as an important and lasting reminder of the experience of Indigenous peoples in twentieth-century Canada: How long have I known you, Oh Canada?A hundred years?Yes, a hundred years.And many, many seelanum more.And today, when you celebrate your hundred years, Oh Canada, I am sad for all the Indian people throughout the land ... But in the long hundred years since the white man came, I have seen my freedom disappear like the salmon going mysteriously out to sea.The white man's strange customs, which I could not understand, pressed down upon me until I could no longer breathe. 2 Now, as we recognize Canada's sesquicentennial fifty years later, we pause to consider the multiple challenges faced by the relationship between Indigenous peoples and Canada.We can examine the opportunity to move in a positive direction in terms of that relationship, or 14 Indigenous-Canadian Relations at the Sesquicentennial: An Opportunity for Real and Lasting Transformation sheryl lightfoot
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.088 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".