Metabolic Syndrome: A Predisposing Factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The term metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) encompasses a cluster of risk factors such as central obesity, high blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), all of which are specific to cardiovascular (CV) disease.1 MetS is frequently observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).2,3 In this regard, MetS abnormalities increase the risk of CV disease in these patients.4,5 Prevalence of MetS among patients with RA was also associated with the activity of the disease.6 In this issue of The Journal of Rheumatology , Luo et al evaluated whether MetS and its components were associated with the risk of developing RA.7 For this purpose, they analyzed a large prospective cohort in the United Kingdom that included 369,065 individuals, followed for a median of 12 years. Luo et al used the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and World Health Organization/International Diabetes Federation definitions to establish MetS, which was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following: elevated waist circumference (≥ 88 cm in women and ≥ 102 cm in men), elevated triglycerides (plasma triglyceride levels ≥ 1.7 mmol/L or on cholesterol-lowering medication), reduced HDL-C (< 1.03 mmol/L among men and < 1.3 mmol/L among women or on cholesterol-lowering medication), elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥ 85 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication), and hyperglycemia (plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or on insulin/metformin medication).7 Although the study has limitations because the UK Biobank variables included in the study (waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-C, SBP, DBP, and plasma glucose levels) were only those available at baseline, so potential impact over time could not be assessed, Luo et al showed that MetS increases the risk … Address correspondence to Prof. M.Á. González-Gay, Division of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Email: miguelaggay{at}hotmail.com.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".