<i>Fusarium clavum</i> causes sugar beet seedling root rot in Wyoming, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seedling rot in sugar beet was observed at Snyder Farms, Wyoming, USA, in April 2022. The diseased seedlings exhibited water-soaked brown to blackish lesions in hypocotyls with poor root systems. Four fungal isolates were retrieved from the diseased samples, and their morphological features were found to be identical to those of previously reported Fusarium species. Artificial inoculation with isolates developed similar symptoms to those observed in the field samples. Based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity assays, sequence homologies of the internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor (tef1α), largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), β-tubulin (β-tub), and multilocus phylogenic analyses with tef1α and rpb2, the causal agent was identified as Fusarium clavum (F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex 5). This is the first worldwide report of sugar beet seedling rot caused by F. clavum, detected in Wyoming, USA. This finding will help to formulate effective management practices to manage the pathogen and prevent its widespread occurrence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".