Recent trends in stem numbers in Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis, populations at the northern limit of its range
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent trends in stem numbers in Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis, populations at the northern limit of its range.Canadian Field-Naturalist 116(1): 112-115.A 15% increase in stem number occurred in 14 natural Ontario Goldenseal populations surveyed between 1998 and 2000, based on maps of stems in 1m? quadrats.Increase occurred in 10 of the 14 populations and was significant.The increase mostly involved small stems, but neither seedlings nor very small plants were observed suggesting that stem increase was largely due to vegetative reproduction by rhizomes and/or root tips.These data correspond to expectation since populations have not expanded rapidly nor spread substantially over the past few decades, but rather appear to have expanded slightly and slowly.Corresponding to earlier speculation, evidence is accumulating to suggest that substantial spreading and large population increases may be dependent on specific kinds and levels of disturbance some of which are no longer prevalent or frequent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".