Effects of enclosed large ungulates on small mammals at Land Between the Lakes, Kentucky
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ungulates can affect primary production, plant and animal species composition, nutrient cycling, and soil properties.We conducted a study at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Land Between The Lakes to investigate the effects of introduced Elk (Cervus elaphus) and Bison (Bison bison) on small mammal fauna in a 324-ha enclosure.From June 1998 through May 1999, live traps were set for small mammals in open-canopy hardwood, closed-canopy hardwood, and pine sites both inside and outside the enclosure, for 7020 trap nights.Small mammals were captured significantly more often inside than outside the enclosure; habitat type was not a significant factor.Habitat management practices inside the ungulate enclosure, including burning, mowing, and fertilizing, may have contributed to the higher abundance of small mammals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".