Impact of environmental enrichment on growth, behavior, and welfare of weanling piglets from pre-weaning to 6 weeks of age
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The experiment was carried out to study the effect of environmental enrichment before and after weaning on the growth, behaviours, and welfare of weaning pigs. A total of 360 weaning pigs (average initial body weight 6.32 ± 0.10 kg) were randomly allotted to one of the three treatments on the basis of initial body weight. A completely randomized design was used to conduct this study. There were ten pigs per pen, with 6 replicates for each treatment. The experimental treatments were control; WBW-1, play object included one week before weaning/not included; and WBW-2, play object included two weeks before weaning/not included. Weaning pigs raised under environmental enrichment treatments had greater average daily gain and average daily feed intake in phase 1 and greater average daily gain and average daily feed intake in phase 2 and overall than pigs reared in the control group. However, treatment and interaction between treatment and play object installation did not exhibit significant differences. The WBW-1 exhibited a lower body weight coefficient of variation of weaning pigs in phase 1 and phase 2 than weaning pigs that were raised in the control group, however, the interaction between treatment and enriched environment did not show significant differences in phase 1 and 2. The incidence of diarrhea was numerically reduced by enriched environment effect in early phase 1 (d 7) and there were no significant differences in d 14 and d 28. Behaviour traits results showed lower agonistic behaviour, including tail and ear biting by enriched environment effect in phase 1. The enriched environment reduced the skin lesion score in phase 1, however, there were no significant differences in skin lesion score in phase 2. The concentration of hair cortisol was reduced by enriched environment effect at the end of phase 2. These findings suggest that environmental enrichment prior to the weaning process increased growth, group uniformity, and reduced incidence of diarrhea, agonistic behaviour, skin lesions, and concentration of hair cortisol during the post-weaning period. Impact of environmental enrichment on growth, behavior, and welfare of weanling piglets from pre-weaning to 6 weeks of age.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it