Effect of Wire Preheat and Feed Rate in X80 Steel Laser Root Welds: Part 2 — Mechanical Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Part 1 of this study, the influences of feed rate and preheat of the wire on the fusion zone microstructure of X80 steel laser root welds were investigated. Part 2 of this study reveals the effect of cold versus hot wire feed on mechanical properties. Although strength overmatching with the X80 base metal was maintained, the wire alloying elements reduced the hardness of the upper region of the laser fusion zone but had limited effect on the bottom of the fusion zone due to the incomplete mixing of the filler material with the base metal in the bottom root region of the joint. The addition of ER70S-6 filler wire improved the impact toughness of the weld metal at 0°C, due to the formation of an acicular ferrite microstructure. As the temperature decreased to –20°C (–4°F) and –45°C (–49°F), ductile to brittle transition occurred, leading to lower weld metal toughness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".