Associations between socioeconomic status, child risk factors, and parenting during guided learning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Researchers have identified socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor for suboptimal parenting in guided-learning settings. Yet, the confounding role of co-occurring child risk factors in the SES-parenting linkage is understudied. In this prospective study, we examined how SES, child temperament, and child cognitive abilities of 197 mother-preschooler dyads uniquely predicted later observations of key parenting components during a guided-learning task. We also assessed how family profiles of risk predicted parenting. Results showed that SES was related to affiliation but not to other parenting components when adjusting for child risk factors. Results also revealed that child temperament predicted (non-solicited) structure, whereas cognitive abilities predicted controlling parenting. Latent profile analyses supported an accumulation of risk hypothesis; families scoring high on all risk factors displayed the least optimal parenting. By pointing to the specificity of the relations between risk factors and parenting components, this research may help clarify more specific intervention targets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".