Temperature-induced changes in protein interactions control RNA recruitment to G3BP1 condensates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Biomolecular condensates have emerged as prominent regulators of dynamic subcellular organisation and essential biological processes. Temperature, in particular, exerts a significant influence on the formation and behaviour of biomolecular condensation. For example, during cellular heat stress, stress granules (SGs) are formed from RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RNA, forming liquid condensates to protect the RNA from damage. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to changes in protein phase behaviour are not well understood. To answer how temperature modulates protein interactions and phase behaviour, we developed a high-throughput microfluidic platform, capable of mapping the phase space and quantifying protein interactions in a temperature-dependent manner. Specifically, our approach measures high-resolution protein phase diagrams as a function of temperature, while accurately quantifying changes in the binodal, condensate stoichiometry and free energy contribution of a solute, hence, providing information about the underlying mechanistic driving forces. We employ this approach to investigate the effect of temperature changes on the phase separation of the stress granule scaffold protein Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) with PolyA-RNA. Surprisingly, we find that the G3BP1/RNA phase boundary remains unaffected by the increasing temperature but the underlying stoichiometry and energetics shift, which can only be revealed with high-resolution phase diagrams. This indicates that temperature-induced dissolution is counteracted by entropic processes driving phase separation. With increasing temperature, the G3BP1 content in condensates decreases alongside with a reduction of the free energy of protein interactions, while the RNA content increases driven by entropically favoured hydrophobic interactions. In the context of cellular heat SG formation, these findings could indicate that during heat shock, elevated temperatures directly induce RNA recruitment to stress granules as a cytoprotective mechanism by finetuning the strength of protein and RNA interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".