Methods of religious self-identification in a situation of social confrontation: Russian society at the end of the 19th – first quarter of the 20th century (based on materials by religious scholar A.S. Prugavin)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article deals with the problem of religious self-identification in Russian society during the period of historical upheavals - the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries and the first quarter of the 20th century. The relevance of the research is due to the ongoing search for a compromise between the confessional branches of Orthodoxy today. Society and the government in Russia are looking for a common social and spiritual foundation for Russian society. The question of religious searches in different parts of Russian society is considered in the article. The views and conclusions of representatives of various social movements are compared. The key attention in the text is paid to the views of populist researchers. The materials of the famous Russian religious scholar Alexander Stepanovich Prugavin are taken as the basis of the article. A review of publications and archival data has been compiled. Some of the materials are presented by Prugavins personal fund, which is located in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts. The views of the religious scholar on the possible path of development for contemporary Russia are analyzed. He singled out the Old Believers as a special social group in the country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".