Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter argues that integrationism, rather than being an isolated set of critical voices within linguistics, actually reflects the preoccupations of broad currents of thinking on language and representation in the twentieth-century West. These include modernism and its various strands (Symbolism, Primitivism, Vorticism, Futurism, Cubism, Dada, Surrealism, etc.), the popular intellectual movement, General Semantics (most commonly associated with its slogan: “The map is not the territory”), interacting lines of conceptual art, popular Orientalism, Zen Buddhism, and therapeutic semantics (Edward de Bono), as well as post-structuralism and deconstruction. This point is illustrated with reference to the Toronto School of Communications, and its most notable figure, Marshall McLuhan. The chapter tracks attitudes to orality, literacy, and communications technology within the School, noting Roy Harris’s responses, which are often critical, yet also align in key respects. Twentieth-century thinking on the image and representation, on space, time, and linearity, and on indeterminacy and fragmentation offers an intellectual context for understanding the emergence of integrationism, and this offers insights that escape an exclusive focus on the history and disciplinary formation of linguistics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".