Electrochemical Deposition of N-Heterocyclic Carbene on Steels As a Corrosion Protective Layer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steels play a vital role in every aspect of day-to-day life. They are major components in construction, transportation, medicine, and etc. Despite their larger usability, steels are suffering from inevitable corrosion. Hence, finding a sustainable solution for corrosion has been a hot topic in the research field for centuries. One extensively studied strategy is applying a protective layer on top of metals. The recent findings show that N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has the potency to form a carbon-metal bond through self-assembling1 or electrochemical deposition2 on different metals such as Au, Pt, Pd, and Ag. Herein, we are trying to coat NHC on mild steel (MS) through electrochemical deposition to act as a corrosion protective layer. Deposition conditions will be optimized by varying the material concentrations, applied voltages, time durations, and substrate roughness. The NHC-coated surface is characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI), and Atomic Force Microscope-Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR). In addition, the contact angle measurements can be attributed to visualizing the differences in coatings under different conditions. The corrosion studies are utilized to understand the corrosion-resistant properties of the NHC coating. Moreover, the NHC moiety can be modified to perform better to inhibit corrosion and improve the properties of mild steel on their applications. Ultimately, this benchtop approach will be utilized and tested on a large scale and industrial level. (1) Crudden, C. M.; Horton, J. H.; Ebralidze, I. I.; Zenkina, O. V.; McLean, A. B.; Drevniok, B.; She, Z.; Kraatz, H.-B.; Mosey, N. J.; Seki, T. Ultra stable self-assembled monolayers of N-heterocyclic carbenes on gold. Nat. Chem. 2014, 6 (5), 409-414. (2) Amit, E.; Dery, L.; Dery, S.; Kim, S.; Roy, A.; Hu, Q.; Gutkin, V.; Eisenberg, H.; Stein, T.; Mandler, D. Electrochemical deposition of N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers on metal surfaces. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11 (1), 1-10.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".