Pillar‐Structured Ti <sub>3</sub> C <sub>2</sub> T <sub>x</sub> MXene with Engineered Interlayer Spacing for High‐Performance Magnesium Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two‐dimentional (2D) Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene has attracted significant attention in non‐lithium‐ion batteries due to its excellent electrical conductivity, high volumetric capacity, and ability to accommodate intercalants. Rechargeable magnesium batteries with Mg metal anodes are noted for their high theoretical energy density, potential safety, earth abundance, dendrite‐free Mg 2+ plating/stripping mechanism on the anode side, and low cost. Nevertheless, owing to the large polarity of divalent Mg 2+ ions, the insertion of Mg 2+ into the MXene layers suffers from sluggish kinetics, limiting the performance for storage of Mg 2+ ions. Herein, a simple self‐assembly strategy is demonstrated to achieve high magnesium ion storage capability with pillar‐structured Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene by intercalating a hyperbranched polyethylene ionomer containing quaternary ammonium ions. The ionomer intercalation/modification leads to the expansion of interlayer spacing of the MXene and, meanwhile, improves its affinity to low‐polarity THF‐based electrolyte. The delaminated ionomer‐modified MXene shows significantly improved electrochemical performance as a cathode material for Mg batteries. It shows a promising cycling stability with a capacity retention of 86% after 400 cycles at 200 mA g −1 , as well as outstanding high‐rate performance with a capacity of 110 mAh g −1 retained at 1,000 mA g −1 relative to 213 mAh g −1 at 20 mA g −1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".