Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Arab Uprisings caused socio-political turmoil in the West Asian region, allowing the Islamic Resistance Movement, also known as Hezbollah, to assert its regional presence. Hezbollah, based in Lebanon, is notorious for its terrorism and militancy, which have resulted in deaths and widespread violence. Hezbollah, Israel’s sworn enemy, has a history of kidnapping Westerners in Lebanon in the 1980s and early 1990s, as well as fighting the Israeli army until it withdrew its forces in 2000. The United States, Israel, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the EU and other Western countries have designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation. Hezbollah’s position in Lebanon’s society and politics has shifted dramatically over the last three and a half decades, as its ideology evolved from opposition to the Lebanese state in the 1980s to gradual integration into the political system today. Hezbollah has been able to carve out a political space for itself in Lebanon since 1990, when the Ta’if Agreement or National Reconciliation Accord ended the civil war and attempted to establish the principle of “mutual coexistence” among Lebanon’s various sects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".