The impacts of trade liberalization on the mexican countryside: 24 years from the North American free trade agreement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This text aims to contribute to the debate initiated in the 2000s by the BRICS initiative on Middle-Income Countries (MRCs) and the impacts of development cooperation policies. Based on the implementation of the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada and Mexico. It was presented at the time as a policy of development cooperation that later proved to be a large-scale action of expansion of North American market capitalism. The premise that guides the research was to analyze the socioeconomic impacts in the Mexican countryside with a focus on: a) the impacts on labor markets; (b) agricultural production and food security; c) internal and external migratory processes. The research was carried out from academic documentary sources, newspapers and official documents of the Mexican government. The focus of the analysis was a critical reading of the processes triggered by the implementation of NAFTA in the Mexican countryside. The results point to the following impacts: a) a significant increase in unemployment and informal work in the Mexican countryside; b) the increase in both internal and external migratory processes; c) the worsening of a food crisis unprecedented in the country's history.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".