Cultural Differences in Children’s White Lie-Telling Behaviour
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research explored cultural differences in children’s white lie-telling behaviour by comparing 4- to 5-year-old Anglo Canadian, Chinese Canadian, and Russian Canadian children. Two online experiments, a Reverse Rouge Task (Experiment 1) and an Art Rating Task (Experiment 2), put participants in politeness situations that prompted them to tell a white lie (or a blunt truth). Parental measures of collectivism and parenting style were also collected to explore children’s likelihood of white lie-telling in relation to these factors. The current data revealed that, contrary to our hypotheses, children’s likelihood of white lie-telling behaviour did not vary as a function of their cultural background or the presence/absence of a stated social consequence and was not predicted by parental collectivism or authoritarianism. Across both experiments, parental authoritativeness was positively associated with children’s likelihood of white lie-telling behaviour. These findings are discussed in relation to possible factors that might have accounted for the lack of cultural differences, and directions for future research are proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".