Experimental and computational investigation of coaxial contra‐rotating impellers design in baffled‐free stirred reactors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fluid mixing is a common topic in contemporary industry. The search for more efficient processes and reliable equipment is a constant challenge. In this work, numerical and experimental tests analyzed a 45° pitched blade turbine in a contra‐rotating coaxial impeller system (CRCIS) configuration mounted on baffles‐free reactors and compared it with conventional systems with one (CS1I) and two (CS2I) impellers mounted on tanks with baffles. Experimental tests were carried out using a pilot reactor with reduced scales of 1.0 m in diameter and 1.0 m in height (square batch). The behaviour of the physical variables was analyzed for mixing operations, solid particle suspension, and formation of vortices, and the power consumption was recorded through a torque transducer for different rotations. The acquired results helped in the validation of models and numerical simulations. The numerical simulation was carried out using the OpenFOAM® open‐source field operation and manipulation software. In addition, the velocity profile along with the height of the reactor, flow lines, pumping number, power consumption variations, and mixing time were compared. The conclusion of this study showed that CRCIS can be used in tanks without baffles. It also showed promising results for applications involving the suspension of solids, developing axial velocities at the bottom of the reactor higher than those of the CS1I and CS2I arrangements for the same rotation, with less energy consumption, proving to be a technically promising option for application on an industrial scale.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".