Aging Cognitive Control and Inhibition: Parallel or Joint Processes?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Working memory is fundamental to cognitive control, maintaining and updating information to adjust behaviors. Age-related deficits in working memory may account for the shift from proactive control (young adults; YA) towards reactive control (older adults; OA). The inhibitory deficit hypothesis suggests that age-related decline in cognitive inhibition, a filtering mechanism of goal-irrelevant information, may account for these deficits. However, little is known about the role of cognitive inhibition in cognitive control. We tested 83 OA and 75 YA on a modified cognitive control task: goal-irrelevant information (distractors) was introduced during interstimulus delays. OA responded faster to congruent trials (i.e., distractors matching cues) compared to incongruent or neutral trials, whereas this effect was absent in YA. OA showed a slightly higher proactive control tendency than YA. Although the results are partially consistent with an age-associated inhibitory deficit, no clear evidence was found for the role of cognitive inhibition in cognitive control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".