A review on diabetes mellitus: complications, synthetic anti-diabetic agents and herbal treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<ns3:p>Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with multiple symptoms and complications. The management of these conditions involve the use of synthetic anti-diabetic agents, natural products and medicinal plants. Synthetic anti-diabetic agents are associated with side effects whereas medicinal plants have minimal side effects and are less expensive. The aim of this work is to highlight various (i) complications associated with diabetes (ii) synthetic anti-diabetic agents used for treatment (iii) medicinal plants as anti-diabetic agents. Methods Electronic databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Pub Med, Medline and Scopus were searched to identify complications linked with diabetes, synthetic anti-diabetic agents, and herbs used in the management of diabetes mellitus. Results The present article is an updated review of the published literature on types of diabetes and their complications, synthetic anti-diabetic drugs and medicinal herbs used for management of diabetes. Conclusions Given the complications associated with diabetes mellitus, a search for medicinal herbs with anti-diabetic properties will be useful in the management of this disease.</ns3:p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".