Study of the photothermal response of a multilayer structure doped with VO<sub>2</sub>@Au nanoshells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate a theoretical study of a multiphysics problem to solve for the photothermal response of a one-dimensional multilayer structure containing a layer doped with VO2@Au nanoshells. The VO2@Au nanoshell consists of a gold (Au) shell and a core of the phase change material vanadium dioxide (VO2) where the VO2 core transitions from a semiconductor state to a conductor state at the critical temperature of 68 °C. This behaviour results in thermal induced optical tunability through this reversible phase change of the VO2, due to the temperature dependent optical and thermal properties. The presence of the VO2 core, functioning as an ultra-fast and reversible optical phase-change material, leads to the emergence of photothermal induced bistability. The layer doped with the VO2@Au nanoshell is approximated as an effective medium using the Maxwell-Garnett Theory to enable an analytical solution. In this study, the optical response of the multilayer structure is obtained using the Transfer Matrix Method, while the thermal response for both stationary and transient states is solved using the Green’s Function Method and Kirchhoff’s Transformation. These equations are interconnected through the heat source term in the heat diffusion equations, representing the local heat generation induced by the continuous-wave laser applied to the structure. Our findings indicate that at the wavelengths of 658 nm and 747 nm, there are two distinct photothermal responses arising from the phase change of the VO2 core. At these wavelengths, the absorption of light increases and decreases, respectively, because of the VO2 phase change. This analytical method not only offers a thorough exploration of the fundamentals of induced photothermal responses in multilayer structures but also holds considerable potential for various applications, including solar cells, photothermal therapy, and nanothermal sensors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".