Impact of zinc and copper on antibiotic resistance and conjugative plasmid transfer in bacteria isolated from wastewater treatment plants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance is leading to a global public health crisis. The purpose of this study was to examine zinc and copper, two environmentally and clinically relevant heavy metals that have shown potential at promoting resistance, as influencers on antibiotic resistance profiles and conjugative plasmid transfer in bacteria isolated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A total of 47 bacterial cultures isolated from WWTPs were examined to determine the effect of zinc and copper on their antibiotic resistance profiles and whether the metals had an impact on the transfer of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes. It was found that only a few isolates were affected by zinc or copper. Sub-inhibitory levels of copper were found to have no significant effect on plasmid transfer between two environmental strains of Escherichia coli (E.coli). It is important to control the spread of antibiotic resistance and reinstate efficacy of antibiotics. </p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".