Room-temperature ferromagnetism and piezoelectricity in metal-free 2D semiconductor crystalline carbon nitride
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials that combine ferromagnetic, semiconductor, and piezoelectric properties hold significant potential for both fundamental research and spin electronic devices. However, the majority of reported 2D ferromagnetic-semiconductor-piezoelectric materials rely on d-electron systems, which limits their practical applications due to a Curie temperature lower than room temperature (RT). Here, we report a high-crystallinity carbon nitride (CCN) material based on sp-electrons using a chemical vapor deposition strategy. CCN exhibits a band gap of 1.8 eV and has been confirmed to possess substantial in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectricity. Moreover, we acquired clear evidences of ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. Extensive structural characterizations combined with theoretical calculations reveal that incorporating structural oxygen into the highly ordered heptazine structure causes partial substitution of nitrogen sites, which is primarily responsible for generating room-temperature ferromagnetism and piezoelectricity. As a result, the strain in wrinkles can effectively modulate the domain behavior and piezoelectric potential at room temperature. The addition of RT ferromagnetic-semiconductor-piezoelectric material based on sp-electrons to the family of two-dimensional materials opens up numerous possibilities for novel applications in fundamental research and spin electronic devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".