Thorough Analysis of mm-Wave Broadband Planar and Vertical Transitions for Loss Reduction of Interconnects in Multilayer PCBs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of mm-wave broadband planar and vertical transitions in multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) for high-density interconnects. The study focuses on microstrip to microstrip/stripline transitions across thin and thick substrates, addressing challenges related to chip/package attachment with small pitch sizes, the use of additional interfaces like interposers, as well as metallic losses and signal integrity. Planar transitions employ a tapered structure to connect microstrip to microstrip and stripline to stripline traces for the purpose of reducing metallic losses. Vertical transitions utilize vias to connect microstrip to stripline traces, with careful consideration of via diameter and anti-via diameter to maintain a $50 \Omega$ characteristic impedance. Through meticulous analysis, the proposed designs exhibit excellent performance up to 60GHz, achieving a return loss better than $10 \mathrm{~dB}$. These transitions offer efficient solutions for routing high-speed signals in multilayer, high-density interconnect PCBs, ensuring minimal losses and crosstalk at mm-wave frequencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".