La géographie, ça sert aussi les relations internationales. Le cas de Pierre Deffontaines, un géographe français aux Amériques (1934-1967)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pierre Deffontaines’ action in the context of international cultural relations between France and the Americas between 1934 and 1967 is relatively unknown to the general public and specialists. In particular the role he played in university structures abroad as an ‘exporter’ of French Geography has been paid very little attention by scientists. The academic question in France and abroad, can be addressed from different points of view: epistemological, administrative and political. This dissertation's primary objective it to focus on the scientific and cultural relations between France and America's countries (North and South) after 1930. Through considering this Atlantic area, which was rich in terms of academic relations during the mid-twentieth century, this thesis advances the case for a transversal study. While in France Deffontaines was rejected by his peers, who were mainly supporters of an official geography, he was successfulness abroad. The American aspect of his work was esteemed and successful in Brazil. It led to other actions in Latin America (Uruguay, Argentina in particular) and Canada. A focal point in the emergence of the field of geography in Canada is that French scientific influence was great in Quebec. And Deffontaines' Canadian works, administrative as well as scientific, are still today a reference in Canadian Geography. During Deffontaines' missions in various American lands, his geography was strongly influenced by his transatlantic voyages. This work considers how, in all these years in the service of France and Geography, Pierre Deffontaines took advantage of his trips to develop and disseminate a constantly evolving métisse Geography. If America could hold a form of attraction for Deffontaines, his social networks, as well as his personality, his talent and his initial training, also had a significant role in the process of import-export of French Geography. "Experience of mobility, mobility of experience", from there essentially proceeded his practice of Geography.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".