Highly efficient supported bimetallic <scp>Au‐Pd</scp> catalysts for oxidative esterification of methacrolein to methyl methacrylate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Au‐Pd alloy particles supported on TiO 2 were synthesized by the sol‐immobilized method and their confirmation was achieved through transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) mapping. The samples were subjected to oxidative esterification of methacrolein with methanol to methyl methacrylate (MMA). Notably, a remarkable enhancement of catalytic performance was found in the presence of Pd. Among the samples tested, the sample Au 0.25 Pd 0.75 /TiO 2 exhibited the highest catalytic performance. The interaction between Au and Pd demonstrated a synergistic effect, with Pd contributing to the stability of Au nanoparticles and strengthening the production of active oxygen species, which facilitated the efficient removal of hydrogen from intermediate hemiacetal. Furthermore, a probable reaction mechanism was proposed to explain these observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".