Birth and development of respiratory medicine at Université de Montréal: From phthisiology to respiratory medicine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors relate the history of respiratory medicine in the network of hospitals treating adult patients and affiliated to the Université de Montréal in the 20th century. The Institut Bruchési, the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur and the professors of the Faculty of Medicine of Université de Montréal played a founding role in the organization of health care and teaching of phthisiology. They were active actors in the slow transition from phthisiology to pneumology from 1940 onward. The successive founding of the Hôpital sanatorium Rosemont and of Institut Lavoisier in 1950 represent the key landing steps of research on other respiratory diseases besides tuberculosis. From 1960 to 1970, phthisiology evolved to pneumology: through the development of respiratory physiology; the public health concerns regarding the impact of smoking, causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer; the changing status of sanatoria that became general hospitals; the increased frequency of asthma, sleep apnea and occupational lung disease; and the therapeutic breakthroughs offered by oxygen therapy, rehabilitation and lung transplant. The practice of pneumology is greatly influenced by medical imaging as well as the interventionist and multidisciplinary approach in a network of hospitals with a resolutely academic intention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".