Survey of Commercial Wi-Fi Devices’ Energy Detection Mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental survey of the capabilities of commercial IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) devices to detect the state of the wireless medium. Wi-Fi devices use a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) mechanism to determine if the wireless medium is occupied. By subjecting Wi-Fi devices to Gaussian interference signals transmitted through a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), we assess their CCA behavior. Moreover, we perform a deeper investigation of the Ericsson AP6321 Wi-Fi Access Point prompted by privileged access to its internal operations. Our findings highlight variations between different Wi-Fi devices’ CCA mechanisms and reveal floating CCA thresholds. Since CCA forms the fundamental basis for Wi-Fi operation, this study provides insights into coexistence of Wi-Fi with itself and dissimilar technologies. Because future Narrow Band Frequency Hopping (NB FH) systems are a potential technology that commercial Wi-Fi devices need to coexist with, we provide an extended survey of the capability of Wi-Fi devices to detect NB FH signals in unlicensed bands. This survey demonstrates that rapidly changing, on-off signalling does not have a disproportionate impact on Wi-Fi performance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".