New Annotated Records of Helminth Parasites with Light Microscopy IV Acanthocephala (Palaeacanthocephala)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We give an account of 6 species of acanthocephalans in one class Palaeacanthocephala and 3 families collected from hosts in different geographical locations in Canada, Ukraine, Italy, the Philippines, and the USA. Each species account is annotated and morphologically presented using light microscopy showing characteristic diagnostic features. None of these accounts has been completely previously published. Almost all geographical records and many host associations are new. In the family Echinorhynchidae, we include Echinorhynchus lateralis Leidy, 1851 from Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), Canada. We added new descriptive information, especially of the cement glands, and compared its morphometrics with those of other collections by other observers. We also described two discrete sizes of specimens of Echinorhynchus salmonis Müller, 1784 from Coregonus artedii Lesueur in Lake Superior. In Paracanthocephalidae, we describe 3 species including Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1911 from the common European perch Perca fluviatilis Linn. in an unusual location in Ukraine at the Ubort River. We provide light microscopy documentation of that species for the first time. Acanthocephalus rhinensis Amin, Thielen, Mïnderie, Taraschewski, Sures, 2008 from Anguilla anguilla (Linn.) in Italy is described and compared with specimens that were described from Germany with corrections re the Italian notions of its color band at the anterior trunk. Acanthocephalus tahlequahensis Oetinger and Buckner, 1976 from Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz) in Oklahoma is documented with new morphological features for the first time and documented its distribution outside of Oklahoma. In Rhadinorhynchidae, we report Serrasentis sagittifer (Linton, 1889) Van Cleave, 1923 from Pterois volitans (Linn.). We describe these species in the context of comparative morphometrics with the original and other descriptions noted elsewhere when available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".