Experimental and numerical study of the gated and ungated ogee spillway
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was carried out by combining numerical modeling and experimental measurements to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of ungated and gated ogee spillways with high head ratios. The primary objective was to validate the use of a numerical model as a complementary approach to the experimental model for simulating the hydraulic behavior of these spillways, providing a more comprehensive understanding of their hydraulic properties under varying conditions of head ratios and relative gate openings. An Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the vertical flow velocity distributions, and ultrasonic sensor wave gauges were used to obtain the time history of the water level. The results of the measurements were compared with the simulation results using a model fitted with three different turbulence models (realizable k-ε, RNG k-ε, k-ω SST). The numerical model was developed using OpenFOAM. With respect to the ungated spillway, three different head ratios ranging from 1.4 to 4.6, which correspond to high head ratios, were investigated. Similarly, three different relative gate openings ranging from 0.5 to 2 were investigated for the gated spillway. The results of water surface profiles and velocity profiles suggest that the numerical and experimental models achieve a good agreement for sections located further away from the spillway. For the ungated spillway, the simulation results for the near-spillway sections are enhanced when the head ratio increases. Considering the velocity profiles and error analysis, the realizable k–ε model was found to best predict the results of the experimental model. A discussion about the discharge equation, velocity fields, pressure fields, and the corner separation zone is also included in this study.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it