718 FO52 – Injury and concussion rates in adolescent rugby: time to tackle the injury burden in the female game
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Youth rugby injury rates are high compared with other sports. Limited data exist on male-female differences in high school rugby rates. Objective To examine differences in male-female injury rates in high school rugby while considering previous playing experience. Design Prospective cohort. Setting High school (age 15–18 years) rugby union. Participants Male and female high school rugby players (Female: N=14 teams, n=421 players; Males: N=18 teams, n=481) participating in the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Assessment of Risk Factors Participants completed baseline testing each season. Testing included demographic questionnaires (e.g., age, height, weight, injury history, position) and administration of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5. Previous rugby playing experience (years) was self-reported at baseline. Main Outcome Measurement Injuries were recorded if they required medical attention, resulted in the inability to complete a session or to participate in future sessions. Injury incidence rates (IR=#injuries/1000match/training-hours) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression, offset by player exposure hours and clustered by team. Results The female match-IR (93.7, 95% CI; 78.6–111.7) was 62% higher than males (57.9, 95% CI: 45.4–73.8) (IRR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.20–2.18) and the female training-IR (5.3; 95% CI: 4.0–6.9) was 2-fold that of males (2.5; 95% CI: 1.7–3.5) (IRR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.40–3.32). The female match concussion-IR (37.5; 95% CI: 26.8–52.3) was 70% higher than the male concussion-IR (22.0; 95% CI: 15.9–30.4) (IRR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.08–2.69). The female tackle-related-IR was 75% higher (65.9; 95% CI: 51.8–83.9) than for males (37.6; 95% CI: 27.8–50.7) (IRR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.20–2.56). Female tackler-IR (37.5; 95% CI: 27.1–51.8) was twice that of males (17.3; 95% CI: 9.8–30.5) (IRR=2.17; 95% CI: 1.14–4.14). Previous playing experience was not associated with injury or concussion. Conclusions Injury and concussion rates were significantly higher in females. A focus on female tackle characteristics could inform female injury prevention strategies (e.g., tackle training).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".