806 BO34 – Ice-cold truths: comparing rates of bodychecking, head contacts, and suspected injuries across adolescent ice-sports
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Popular ice-sports amongst adolescents in many countries include ice-hockey, para-ice-hockey, and ringette. Injuries and concussions are concerning in these ice-sports, with high rates of bodychecking (high intensity trunk physical contact; BC) and head contacts (HCs). Comparisons across adolescent sports are required for holistic injury prevention planning and implementation. Objective To compare BC, HC, and suspected injury (SI) incidence rates (IR) between adolescent boys’ ice-hockey (BC-prohibited, BC-permitted), para-ice-hockey (BC-permitted), girls’ ice-hockey (BC-prohibited), and ringette (BC-prohibited). Design Cross-sectional. Setting Canada. Participants Adolescents participating in one of the four ice-sports during the 144 games (range per sport/level: 8–35 games) that were analyzed. Assessment of Risk Factors Comparing BC, HC, and SI rates across four different ice-sports. Main Outcome Measurements Dartfish video-analysis software was used to analyze games for BCs, HCs, and SI IRs. Poisson regression analysis (adjusted for cluster by game and offset by playing minutes) were used to compare BC, HC, and SI IRs using incidence rate ratios (IRR). Results Compared with non-elite boys’ ice-hockey (BC-prohibited), there were significantly higher BC IRs in BC-permitted boys’ ice-hockey (IRR-non-elite=5.89, 95%CI:4.07–8.53; IRR-elite=9.15, 95%CI:6.63–12.64), para-ice-hockey (IRR=3.30, 95%CI:2.14–5.07), girls ice-hockey (IRR=2.67, 95%CI:1.82–3.90), and ringette (IRR=5.72, 95%CI:4.03–8.11). HC IRs were also significantly higher for BC-permitted boys’ ice-hockey (IRR-non-elite=2.64, 95%CI:1.92–3.62; IRR-elite=3.18, 95%CI:2.41–4.18), para-ice-hockey (IRR=3.28, 95%CI:2.00–5.39), girls’ ice-hockey (IRR=2.76, 95%CI:2.05–3.71), and ringette (IRR=4.06, 95%CI:3.02–5.46) compared to non-elite boys’ ice-hockey (BC-prohibited). SI IRs were also significantly higher for para-ice-hockey (IRR=3.71, 95%CI:1.35–10.20) and ringette (IRR=5.13, 95%CI:2.24–11.74), compared to non-elite (BC-prohibited) boys’ ice-hockey. The proportions of player-to-player HCs penalized ranged from 2–20% across sports. Conclusion The BC IRs are alarming in ice-sports prohibiting BC (ringette and female ice-hockey). The high HC and SI IRs in adolescent ice-sports are also concerning. The proportion of HCs penalized is low across all sports/levels, suggesting a need for further policy-enforcement strategies to reduce BC and HCs aimed to prevent injuries and concussions in adolescent ice-sports.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".