On corrugation mode radial wavelengths of the vertical shear instability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The vertical shear instability (VSI) is a promising mechanism to drive turbulence in protoplanetary discs. Numerical simulations in the literature demonstrate that the VSI non-linear saturation is predominated by the linear corrugation modes. These modes possess vertical wavelengths crucially longer than radial wavelengths. This paper aims to investigate the natural radial wavelength of corrugation modes upon VSI saturation, by a series of numerical simulations conducted in Athena++ at different grid resolutions, disc aspect ratios, and viscosity parametrized by ν. We find a sign of convergence emerges at 64 cells per gas scale height for fiducial simulations, below which a continuous reduction of wavelengths with grid resolution is observed. Synthetic ALMA molecular line observations of $^{12}\rm CO(2-1)$ are performed to inspect the observability of the corrugation modes feature, which is significantly diminished with a resolution of 32 cells per scale height or above. Flared and viscous discs exhibiting longer saturation wavelengths may mitigate the observational difficulty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".