VOLUMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PACIFIC WATERS IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Volumetric characteristics and renewal time of the Pacific waters (PW) in the Arctic Ocean were calculated based on the data of oceanographic expeditions during the 2007-2008 International Polar Year (617 stations). Isopycnal surfaces of their upper and lower boundaries (25,5 and 27,5 kg/m3, respectively), the thickness between these limits and the equivalent thickness (i. e. the specific thickness of untransformed “pure” water mass) have been determined, as well as the boundaries where the highest concentrations of silicates in the selected density interval disappears. The Pacific waters extend to the north up to the North Pole region (thickness up to 40-50 m), in the west they can be traced up to the northern part of the Laptev Sea (thickness 20-30 m), in the east they are preserved in a minimally transformed form (thickness of more than 100 m) up to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The characteristic depths are between 50 and 150 m. The thickest PW exceeding 150 m were found within the Beaufort Gyre. The total volume of “pure” (untransformed) Pacific waters in the Arctic Ocean was estimated at (197 ± 19) · 103 km3 or about 1,1% of the overall volume of the Arctic Ocean. If their mixing with the surrounding waters between selected isopycnic surfaces is taken into account, the volume of Pacific waters is (313 ± 16) · 103 km3, or about 1,7% of the volume of the Arctic Ocean. Taking into account the total inflow of the PW through the Bering Strait, their renewal time in the Arctic basin is estimated to be about 5-6 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".