Abstract A013: Auranofin induces lethality driven by reactive oxygen species in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70% of ovarian cancer cases in the clinical setting; the survival rate for this disease remains remarkably low due to the lack of a long-term consolidation therapy following standard platinum-based chemotherapy. There is minimal improvement in the survival rate of this disease due to the development of resistance to platinum drugs as the disease recurs. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel treatment modality against HGSOC using the gold complex auranofin (AF). AF primarily functions as a pro-oxidant agent through the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an antioxidant enzyme that is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. We explored the effect of AF on TrxR activity and various mechanisms of cytotoxicity using HGSOC cells that are clinically sensitive (PEO1) or resistant (PEO4) to platinum. We treated PEO1 cells and PEO4 cells with AF for 72 hours and analyzed its short-term toxicity by assessing cell viability and DNA content by flow cytometry, and the long-term anti-proliferative capacity using colony formation assays. We also assessed the mechanisms of cell death induced by AF including the activation of mechanisms of apoptosis, activation of executor caspases -3 and -7, cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA damage. In addition, we studied the interaction between AF and another pro-oxidant, L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), an anti-glutathione (GSH) agent. We demonstrate that AF potently inhibits the activity of TrxR at non-cytotoxic concentrations while reducing the viability of HGSOC cells regardless of their sensitivities to platinum. We showed that AF induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggers the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and kills HGSOC cells by inducing apoptosis. AF-induced cell death and morphological effects were abrogated by the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). In addition, the lethality of AF in HGSOC was associated with the activation of caspase-3/7, cleavage of PARP, and the generation of DNA damage, effects that were prevented by the ROS scavenger NAC. Finally, when AF and L-BSO were combined, we observed a synergistic lethality against HGSOC cells, which was mediated by a further increase in ROS with a decrease in the antioxidant, GSH. In summary, our results support the concept that AF can be used alone to kill HGSOC cells by causing ROS-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a large depletion of antioxidants caused by combining AF and L-BSO is highly efficient in synergistically killing HGSOC cells. These findings suggest that the combination of AF and L-BSO is a potential option to develop a consolidation therapy against HGSOC, which can overcome the problem of platinum resistance during recurrent stages of the disease. Citation Format: Farah H. Abdalbari, Elvis M. Jaramillo, Benjamin N. Forgie, Estelle Tran, Alicia A. Goyeneche, Carlos M. Telleria. Auranofin induces lethality driven by reactive oxygen species in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Ovarian Cancer; 2023 Oct 5-7; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A013.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".