Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Colonialism can be seen as a historical process, or an ideology. As this article demonstrates, for Canadian Doukhobors, it is also a lived experience. Canadian Doukhobors, or Spirit Wrestlers, are a group of pacifist religious dissenters of mixed ethnic origins who immigrated to Canada from the Russian Empire in 1899. The worldview of the Doukhobors was radically different from the principles on which the colonial government was founded. The goal of this article is to describe the colonial policies directed towards the Doukhobors, their anticolonial struggles, and to consider the implications of the Doukhobor history for contemporary anti-colonial thought in Canada and worldwide. The government subjected Doukhobors to a range of discriminatory actions including cancellation of earlier granted land registries in Saskatchewan, incarcerations for refusal of military service (despite an existing legal exemption), taking away children of some Doukhobors and placing them in a juvenile detention center to force the assimilation. While considering the significance of the Doukhobor struggles against colonialism, the article proposes a new term, 'colonial privilege.' This article is reflexive and sheds a new light on the earlier recorded facts. Résumé: Le colonialisme peut être considéré comme un processus historique ou une idéologie. Comme le démontre cet article, pour les Doukhobors canadiens, il s'agit également d'une expérience vécue. Les Doukhobors canadiens, ou lutteurs spirituels, sont un groupe de dissidents religieux pacifistes d'origines ethniques diverses qui ont immigré au Canada en provenance de l'Empire russe en 1899. La vision du monde des Doukhobors était radicalement différente des principes sur lesquels le gouvernement colonial était fondé. L'objectif de cet article est de décrire les politiques coloniales menées à l'encontre des Doukhobors, leurs luttes anticoloniales et d'examiner les implications de l'histoire des Doukhobors pour la pensée anticoloniale contemporaine au Canada et dans le monde. Le gouvernement a soumis les Doukhobors à toute une série d'actions discriminatoires, notamment l'annulation de l'enregistrement des terres octroyées antérieurement en Saskatchewan, l'incarcération pour refus du service militaire (malgré une exemption légale existante), l'enlèvement des enfants de certains Doukhobors et leur placement dans un centre de détention pour mineurs afin de les forcer à s'assimiler. Tout en considérant l'importance des luttes des Doukhobors contre le colonialisme, l'article propose un nouveau terme, celui de "privilège colonial" . Cet article est réflexif et jette une nouvelle lumière sur les faits précédemment répertoriés.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".