Cold-induced anaphylaxis triggered by drinking cold water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cold urticaria is an inducible urticaria in which hives and angioedema appear after exposure to cold. The symptoms of cold urticaria often are limited to hives/angioedema. However, in up to 20% of cases, cold exposure may trigger anaphylaxis. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy previously diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria who developed facial swelling, itchy hives, difficulty in breathing, vomiting and abdominal pain within 5 minutes of drinking cold water. He received a standard dose of non-sedating second-generation antihistamines at home. He was observed in the emergency room for 2 hours and discharged with an epinephrin autoinjector. During the subsequent outpatient clinic visit, an ice cube test was performed which confirmed the new diagnosis of comorbid cold-induced chronic urticaria. On further questioning, the parents reported occurrence of hives following swimming in the swimming pool. Cold-induced urticaria should be suspected in cases of anaphylaxis associated with cold exposure. Patients with chronic forms of urticaria who present with new anaphylaxis should be assessed for a potential concomitant cold-induced form.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".