The Trade Policy-Making Process Level One of the Two Level Game: Country Studies in the Western Hemisphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This publication reports the results of a project on trade policy-making in eight Western Hemisphere nations jointly conducted by the IDB's INTAL and ITD, the University of Toronto's Munk Centre for International Studies, and the Inter-American Dialogue. The project focuses on the question of how best to accommodate the participation of non-state actors in the formulation of national trade policies and negotiating agendas. In early 2001, analysts from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States were invited to prepare short essays describing the trade policy-making process in their countries -with special focus on the nature and structure of consultation mechanisms with private groups. The papers were presented at a June 15 workshop at the IDB with the authors and a small group of outside commentators- and subsequently revised to reflect the discussion. The main conclusions of the entire exercise are set out in the preface prepared by project director Sylvia Ostry of the Munk Center.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".