Tunable Absorption and Emission in Mixed Halide Bismuth Oxyhalides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Layered materials such as bismuth oxyhalides (especially BiOBr and BiOI) are the focus of research attention as photocatalysts due to their visible light activity, unique electronic structure, excellent chemical and physical stability, and internal electric field effect. We report the solvothermal synthesis of BiOX solid solutions with continuously tunable optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra. We employed solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) characterization to probe the local environment around Bi atoms. We determined that the synthesized BiOX solid solutions exhibit good agreement with Vegard’s law through refinement of the lattice parameters using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and complementary atomic-level 209 Bi SSNMR spectroscopy. The solid solution strategy makes it possible to modulate the light absorption of BiOX and tune the redox potentials corresponding to the electronic band edges to drive chemical reactions. The BiOX solid solutions demonstrated superior performance in sunlight-driven photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting. The best performing solid solution generated a photocurrent density of 1.5 mA cm –2 and a H 2 evolution rate of 16.32 μmol g –1 h –1 for photoelectrochemical water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen generation, respectively, and the enhanced performance is attributed to a higher specific surface area, a shorter carrier transit distance, and a higher electron density. The approximate order of magnitude performance improvement compared to pristine BiOBr and BiOI photoanodes was primarily due to optimal light harvesting combined with adequate thermodynamic driving force to drive water oxidation and proton reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".