Sample Size Effect on Shear Strength of Mine Waste Rock Using the Scalping Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geotechnical designs of mine waste rock (WR) piles require the critical friction angle (ϕcr) of the coarse crushed rock. For this purpose, grading scalping techniques must be used to accommodate the minimum recommended sample aspect ratio α = D/dmax into experimental shear devices (where D is the size of the sample and dmax is the maximum particle size). Nevertheless, international standards do not agree on the minimum α for a representative sample, and its effects are poorly understood. This paper aims to investigate the effects of grading scalping and α on ϕcr of WR samples. Drained triaxial tests were conducted on medium and large cylindrical samples of D = 150 and 300 mm, respectively, using α varying from 4 to 30. The results show stable ϕcr for α ≥ 12, advocating that the recommendation of α = 6 given by the standard ASTM D7181 might be too low and should be revisited after comprehensive testing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".