Element and System Level Impact of Strength Loss on Cyclic Performance of Sensitive Clays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation into the combined influence of static shear bias and post-peak strength loss on the cyclic behavior of plastic silts and clays at the element and system level. Numerical analyses were performed using the finite difference program FLAC 8.1 with the PM4Silt constitutive model. The element-level impact was investigated using stress-ratio controlled, undrained, cyclic direct simple shear loading simulations with different magnitudes of initial static shear stress and uniform cyclic stress cycles. System-level impacts were investigated with nonlinear dynamic analyses of a levee using a ground motion recording from the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. Six PM4Silt calibrations were considered to represent a range of clay soil properties. Study findings show that strength loss did not significantly influence the cyclic behavior at the element level; however, strength loss had substantial impact on the overall performance of the levee system, particularly regarding crest deformations and accelerations. The implications of the results on practice and future research needs are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".