A physical model test for the stress and deformation analyses in underground caverns containing block during excavation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate the influence of block on the stress and deformation of underground cavern with high sidewall during excavation and unloading, a physical model test of an underground cavern containing block was conducted based on similarity theory. The response pattern of surrounding rock stress and displacement during excavation is analyzed, and the influence and mechanism of block on surrounding rock stress and deformation are revealed. Results show that stress conduction in the model is closely related to the structural plane during loading. The stress barrier and stress concentration phenomena occur when stresses pass through the structural plane. After the model is loaded, stress loss takes place when stresses are transmitted from the boundary to the interior. During the underground cavern excavation, the tangential stress of the surrounding rock decreases within a certain range of the sidewall and increases at both the top and the shoulder of the arch. The change rate of stress before and after excavation is used as an index to determine the surrounding rock stress zone, and the influence range caused by excavation is 2.0–2.5 times the cave span. Compared with the sidewall without block, the sidewall with block has a smaller radial stress unloading zone and a larger tangential unloading zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".