Laboratory Tests Investigating the Influence of Moisture Availability on Frost Heave
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seasonal frost heave impacts critical infrastructure in northern regions and creates design challenges for engineers. Frost heave issues occur where there are simultaneously a frost susceptible soil, cold temperatures, and a ready supply of water. At more northern latitudes in permafrost zones, conditions exist where the vertical moisture flow could be limited by a frozen layer at depth. However, climate change effects could lead to alternative moisture availability over the life of a project. This paper will explore moisture availability conditions during two laboratory freezing experiments on a frost susceptible soil. Temperature profiles, heave, and water intake data are collected, as well as digital images. Results show frost heave quantity and rate are reduced when moisture access is limited. Instead of increasing in overall volume throughout the test due to both phase change and taking on additional pore water, the dominant outcome is rearrangement of moisture along the vertical profile. Results of the research will serve to inform cold regions engineers on frost heave issues within the context of changing ground conditions due to climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".