Design of Geosynthetic MSE Walls Supporting Bridge Abutment Footings Using the Stiffness Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specifications in the US have adopted the stiffness method for the internal stability design of geosynthetic mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. The same method will appear in a future edition of the corresponding CSA LRFD code in Canada. During the development of the stiffness method, the problem of a bridge abutment footing seated on the top of a MSE wall structure was not investigated. This paper presents an initial attempt for a method to include the additional footing loads in the calculation of reinforcement loads and strains using the AASHTO stiffness method and correction factors applied to the 1H:2V footing load dispersion method. The example uses the soil properties from the well-documented SR-18 walls in the US and considers walls of three different heights, four different reinforcement stiffness values, and three different reinforcement spacings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".