Evaluation of Pile Capacities under Local Scoured Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Local scour occurs around pile foundations supporting bridges and marine structures due to currents and waves, which can severely undermine the performance of piles in extreme weather events such as floods and hurricanes. A scour hole is often developed around the pile foundation by local scour. In general design practice for pile foundations, scour-hole dimensions are either completely ignored or simply considered but with different methods. This paper reviews the current methods available for the evaluation of the effects of scour-hole dimensions on pile axial and lateral capacities. These methods include the methods outlined in the US Federal Highway Administration Driven Piles and Drilled Shafts as well as the American Petroleum Institute. A case regarding piles in dense sands subjected to different scour-hole conditions was analyzed using these methods. The analyzed results were compared to the results from the three-dimensional continuum finite element analysis and analytical solutions. Based on the comparisons, the pros and cons of each method were discussed. Recommendations on selecting a proper method for the design were also given.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".